Bachelor
A first-cycle qualification in the Bologna system. The European Commission describes programmes comprising 180 or 240 ECTS credits.
Source: European Commission: ECTS
Understanding study
Bologna & study terms
Bachelor, ECTS, recognition: brief explanations of terms you will encounter when choosing a programme.
Master
A second-cycle qualification for subject specialisation. Check the institution’s admission requirements.
Source: HRK nexus: Master programmes
ECTS
Credits describe learning outcomes and the associated workload. 60 ECTS credits represent a full year of study.
Source: European Commission: ECTS
Module
A time-limited unit of classes and study activities sharing a subject or method.
Source: HRK nexus: Module
Accreditation
A regulated process granting time-limited formal recognition to study programmes or quality assurance systems.
Source: HRK nexus: Accreditation
Recognition
An institution accepts higher education achievements earned elsewhere towards continued study.
Source: HRK nexus: Recognition
Diploma Supplement
An addition to the degree certificate explaining the qualification level, programme and higher education system to help others understand the qualification.
Source: HRK: Diploma Supplement
Transcript of Records
A record of study achievements supporting documentation and transfer.
Source: HRK nexus: Transcript of Records
Workload
Total expected study time, including classes and independent learning.
Source: HRK nexus: Workload
Social partners
Employers’ associations and trade unions. They represent the two sides of social dialogue.
Source: Cedefop: social partners
Sources & further reading
- European Commission — ECTS
- HRK nexus — study reform glossary (German)
- German Rectors’ Conference — Diploma Supplement
Sources accessed on 3 October 2026. The HRK nexus glossary is a completed project reflecting its 2020 status. Consult your institution’s current programme information and regulations.